The invasive and problematic plants also began to show their presence. The Miscanthus is extremely aggressive and spread well beyond its location from the previous years. Candytuft was consumed by the grasses and the delphiniums and dwarf lilies were being threatened. Another ornamental grass, Phalaris, was starting to crowd out plants on the other end of the bed. The Coreopsis was being overwhelmed by the grass.

Wild Phlox is a very pretty wildflower and when the garden was lacking in plant diversity for the first few years, I found myself encouraging this plant. It covered a large patch at the end of the property just at the edge of the gorge natural area. It is a biennial and easily recognizable, so in the early spring I would dig up the plants and spread them throughout the back yard. It has since become rather a problem since it seeds so vigorously. In the pond extension bed, I had to weed out the wild phlox from amongst the monarda. It is now threatening the iris bed and seems to like to grow on its own. I have decided to allow it to grow in the "yet ungardened" areas but will try to keep it out of the gardens where I want other things.
Finding the right balance and combinations of plants is a challenge for every gardener. Plant combinations which you see in other locations are hard to mimic in your own garden. If one plant gets a slight advantage to the other, then the marriage will not work for long. Every garden has its own micro-climate and experience is the best teacher of what can co-exist over the long term.
I am impressed by the way the peonies have no problem fighting off the Miscanthus. The grass has been forced to grow around the peonies as they are determined to keep their spot.
The pond extension bed was attractive but not as vigorous as it was in the first year. I attribute this to the fact that in the first year I used heaps of sheep manure to prepare the bed. Now, with the competition from the invasive grasses and the smaller supply of compost and manure, the soil has suffered.
The garden surrounding the pond filled in with many plants which simply introduced themselves. I added potentilla, which I let grow fairly ragged so that it has a natural look. I find potentilla to generally be very formal and too rounded for my liking. Poppies, buttercup, lamb's ears, baby's breath and monarda were some of the early introductions.

I planted a Frittalaria by the pond which continues to be one of my favourites. It is one of the earliest flowers, appearing about the same time as tulips, and has a remarkable orange colour in a very unique shape. It amazes me every year although I am disappointed that it has never spread to be more than one flower stalk. I see others in the neighbourhood that have formed clumps.
Transition
Having a neighbouring property that is highly manicured and being somewhat less so yourself, offers some interesting challenges. Prior to my arrival, my manicured neighbour was allowed to mow to his heart's content so that my back forty was simply an unobtrusive back drop to his own yard. It was discovered that the property line fell about 10 feet in my favour and, after 3 years, I eventually got it back. This 10 foot "transition zone" is an area of great interest to me. It had been sprayed, mown and maintained as a lawn for many years and was all of a sudden left to its own accord.

One of the first things to happen in this zone was the sprouting of a large patch of sumac close to the gorge end. The sumac at the end of my neighbours property was suddenly allowed to spread since the mowing had stopped. The grasses grew and formed seedheads which I hoped would spread into my own yard. Trefoil, violets, wild strawberries, mallow and tansy popped up all along the property line. The less desirable wild carrot, burdock and a horrible clumping grass (whose name I am unsure of) have also found their way to the transition zone. It is clear that this area will quickly be won over by goldenrod unless some intervention takes place.
Year Four
In the spring of year four, I decided that it was time to stop limiting myself to the edges of the property and I introduced some beds to the middle. The yard looked so poor in the early spring because of the high percentage of undesirable grasses -- rough bluegrass, which is slow to come out: see the picture below.

With my trusty Round-up I sprayed an area of about 15 feet by 10 feet in an oblong shape. I put it in an area which seemed to feel right. I never worry about what I will put in the bed because my biggest problem is USUALLY lack of space. Sure enough, new plant material arrived including a perennial sunflower, butterfly weed, several varieties of yarrow and primroses. A friend of mine works in a greenhouse and is extremely adept at growing from seed. She gladly passed on several splendid selections.
Acquiring plants through plant exchanges and gifts from other gardeners has its downside. Plants from seed are great because they tend to be unique and non-invasive. Plants you get at plant sales are usually donated by gardeners and are usually the ones which spread too fast. You quickly start donating to plant sales yourself.
Along with the plants given to me by my seed growing friends, I made one of my rare trips to the nursery with a bundle of cash and bought some trees, shrubs and perennials. For someone who works in the field of horticulture and is used to getting material through plant exchange or the generosity of growers, I felt somewhat embarrassed to be buying plants...call me crazy. But it was about time I did visit the garden centres and it has been a hard habit to break....I doubt I ever will stop now!
The mid-summer of year four, I was quite proud of the garden. It was taking a very nice shape and the beds were starting to look after themselves.